Pump



M. T. ARCHER PUMP Filed May 14, 1927 March 1, 1932.

INVENTOR 714/. BY'/ /f ATTORNEY Patented Mar. 1 1932 UNITED STATESPATENT OFFICE SUPPLY- COMPANY, OF TOLEDOLOHIO, A CORPORATION OFOHIO PUMPApbucation med may 14,.

My invention relates to pumps. Y

` One object of this invention 'is to recipro-y cate a pump piston orplunger by alternately reversing the pressures on static heads of twocolumns of fluid. Another object is to provide against the contact ormixture of the piston-actuating Huid with the fluid being pumped, andprovide a straight passage for the iuid being pumped. Another object isto dispense with mechanical devices, such' as rods, attached to the pumppiston for re" ciprocating the latter, or with complicated valvemechanism used in some types of fluidoperated pumps. Another object isto provide a non-mechanically operated pump of the force pump typehaving only two valves, the standing or fixed valve being above thetraveling valve or piston. Another object is to provide a complete pumpunit which can be lowered down through the well tubing an'd supported bythe tubing, a portion of the unit` depending below the seat. Anotherobject is to provide a construction' whereby the oil production tubestring may be lowered in the said unit afterv the lowering of theothempump elements and form a seal on a seat in the 'unit and become aconduit for conducting the fluid from the standing valve to the surfaceof the ground.l My invention contemplates the omission'of the saidoil'production string particularly in cases where owing to the comparativecleanness of the pumped oil, it may be mingled with the actuating fluid.Another object is to provide a doubleacting pump whose plunger is soproportioned that approximately equal work is done on both strokes, butsome of the features of my invention are independent of this ob: ject.Other objects appear hereinafter.v

The drawing shows a central' verticalfsection of that portion of thewell pumping apparatus which containsA my invention, the valves andtheir seats being shown in side elevation. l

n the drawing, l designates a'well-tubing.

1927. Serial No. 191,405.'

or pipe having the ring, coupling or collar 2 screwed thereon and havingtherein the annular beveled seatA 3 whose diameter is somewhat smallerthan the internal diameter of the tubing l1. 4 is a special couplinghaving the head-5 whose diameter approximates the internal diameter ofthe tubing l. It has the downwardly tapering shoulder 6 shaped to engagethe seat 3 and form a fluid-tight joint therewith. This shoulder forms ameans whereon thepump is supported. The coupling 4 has a reduced portionprojecting down past the seat 3 and has screwed thereon the pump casingor pipe 7 into whose lower end is screwed the fitting or coupling 8, theends of the pipe beingseated in annular recesses or reduced portions 9and y10 in the couplings 4 and 8. The diameters of the pipe and thecoupling are approximately that of the opening in the seat 3, so thatthey'will pass through the same without undue fric# tion.

Below the recess the coupling 4 has another reduced portion 11 extendingto the end thereof. The pendent outer pump barrel 12 which does notreach'thecoupling 8 is screwed on 4the exterior of the ,A reducedportion 11. The diameter of the said portion 11 and the exteriordiameter of the barrel 12 are such as to provide an annular space 13between' the casing 7 and the barrel.

. 14 is the inner pendent pump barrel screwed into internal threads in acentral recess 15 in the-under side of the coupling 4. The inner pumpbarrel is concentric with the outer barrel and ,is somewhat shorter.

16 is the valved plunger of the pump. It

has the head or piston member 17 recipro-A 1 cable on the interiorsurface of the barrel 12 below the barrel 14. It has the reduced pistonmember 18 attached integrally to the member 17 and is reciprocable onthe interiorsurface of the barrel 14. The plunger v16 has an axialpassage 19, whose lower end carries the pendent pipe or' conduit 20. Thecoupling 8 has an axial opening into which is screwed the pipe orconduit 21 which is telescopic with the conduit 20. The hollow coupling8 has its lower end internally threaded to receive the conduit 22 whichmay suspend the usual perforated inlet pipe or a string 'of pipeextending downwardly the desired distance into the well with which thepump is to be used.

The space 13 communicates at its 4lower end with the annular space 23between the pipes 7 and 21, which in turn communicates above with theannular space 24 between the barrel 12 and the pipe 20.

The top of the piston member 18 has the nipple 25 screwed into it. Thevalve seat 26 sits on the nipple and is clamped thereon by the cage 27containing the ball valve 28 seat#` vwell andincluding between them theannular space 34.

Theeupper end of the reduced opening in the coupling for the valve cage30 is beveled to form a seat 35 for the correspondingly beveled lowerend of the vertical conduit, pipe or tube string 36 which is within thetubing 33 and'concentric therewith, whereby an annular space 37 isprovided between the tubing 33 ,and the pipe 36, extending to the top ofthe well. A The coupling 4 has a suitable number of i passages 38connecting the spaces 13 and 34,

and a suitable number of passages 39 connectlng the space 37 with theannular space 40 between the two lpump barrels 12 and 14.

Let it be assumed that the parts are as in the drawing, and the pump issubmerged in oil 1n a well, and that the hydraulic passage, comprisingthe space 34, the passages 38. and the spaces 13, 23 and 24, and alsothe hydraulic passage comprising the space 37, the passages 39 and' thespace 40 are filled with a i'luid, preferably a non-compressible liquid,as water or oil. It is to be further assumed that at the top of the wellthere is some'means for applying suitable and preferably equal pressuresat will to the two hydraulic columns. The plunger as shown in thedrawing y, is at the limit of its up-stroke which was produced bypressure transmitted through the first hydraulic passage to the lowerface of the piston member 17. If now pressure is released on the firsthydraulic passage and ap: plied on the second hydraulic passage, the

plunger 16 will be moved downwardly by force acting on the upper face ofthe piston member. At this time the column of oil on the ball valve 31holds it on its seat. As the plunger goes down a vacuum tends to becreated between the two valves. The pressure due to this vacuum tendencyand to the static head of the oil in the well, causes it to till theinner pump'barrel, the ball valve 28 being floated oli from its seat.When the plunger reaches its lower limit, which would be when theplunger engagesthe top of the pipe 21 unless the hydraulic pressure isrelieved before, the pressure is applied to force the plunger upwardly,during which time the valve 28 remains closed, so that the oil in theinner barrel 14 is forced' up past the valve 31 and thence up the tubing36 to the top of the well. The cycle of steps described will becontinued as the conditions require.

In order to force the plunger 16 upwardly,

'the pressure applied to the hydraulic column which operates on the"lower annulus of the plungerv between the barrel 12 and the tubularmember 20 must lift not only the hydraulic column resting on the upperannulus between the barrel 12 and the piston member 18 but also thecolumn of oil resting on the piston member 18.l The area of the low`erannulus is greater than that of the upper annulus, but preferably lessthan the area of the upper annulus plus the cross area of the pistonmember 18, that is, equal to the areaof a circle having the diameter ofthe iston member 17. When the plunger is orced downwardly, the pressureapplied to the upper or smaller annulus is freed .from the load of thecolumn of oil being pumped, but is required to lift the hydraulic columnsupported by the lower and larger annulus. In order that the plunger maybe operated in each direction by equally applied or operating pressures, it is essential Athat the total upward pressure on the lowerannulus including the static as well as the operating pump pressure,shall equal or exceed the downward static pressure onthe upper annulusplus the static pressure set up by the oil being pumped or deliveredduring the ascending movement of the piston member 18. The totaldownward pressure including both static and operating pump pressure onthe upper annulus of the plunger 17 should equal 0r exceed the staticpressure on the lower annulus of the pump These equal pressures will beseplunger. cured when the area of the upper annulus 1s to the area ofthelower annulus as the latter area is to the total area of the plunger 16.I do not restrict my invention to the proportion of areas just stated. y

,My invention as described hereinbefore is designed particularly forpumping dirty oil or .other `fluid without contaminating theplunger-actuating fluids.' In cases where the fluid' to be pumped isfree from dirt or it is not regarded as necessary or desirable to keepthe pumped and actuating fluids from intermixng, the tube 36 may beomitted. Actuating pressure is applied to the hydraulic column sustainedby the lower annulus of the plunger, as hereinbefore described, toeffect the up-stroke of the plunger. The downstroke of the plunger iseffected by applying pressure to the top of the column of fluidoccupying the pump casing 33. Upon the upstroke' of the plunger, aquantity of fluid equal to that delivered from the barrel 14 into thecasing 36 will be delivered from the latter at the top of the well.

It is thus seen that I do away with rods for operating the pump plunger.The reciprocation of` pump plungers by means of pump` rods produces inthe latter great deterioration due to exceedingly largev stresses,fatiguing of the metal and the like. This deterioration from whatevercause produces numerous failures in the pumping string, re

. .sulting in large losses in production and in connected to thestringand having a central costly fishing jobs. My invention avoids thesedisadvantages of pumps operated by pump rods. f

I claim- 1. In a well pump, a well tubing in the well, a couplingconnected to the tubing and having inner and outer longitudinal passagestherethrough, two concentric pumps barrels connected to the coupling,the said inner passages opening into the space between the barrels, ahollow pump plunger haying piston members fitting the barrels, a checkvalve to control the passage of fluid through the hollow of the plunger,a standing valve supported lby the coupling, a pump casing suspended `onthe coupling and surrounding the outer barrel, the said outer passagescommunicating with the space between the said casing and the outerbarrel, 'separate hydraulic columns communicating with the respectiveinner and outer passages and acting on opposite sides of the plunger,means supported by the coupling to convey pulnped fluid to the surfaceof the well, a hollow fitting ,closing the bottom of the casing aroundthe hollow in the fitting, and telescopic tubes screwed into the hollowsof the plunger and fitting.

2. In a well pump, a well tubing, a coupling vertical passage, twoconcentric pump barrels suspended on the coupling, the inner barrelbeing in line with the passage in the coupling, and shorter than theouter barrel, a pump plunger having a central vertical passage and twopiston members, one telescopic with the inner barrel and thel other withthe outer barrel below the inner barrel, a check valve carried by theinner member to control the flow of fluid through the said passage inthe plunger, a standing valve carried by the coue npling, a casing'surrounding the outer barrel and the other with the space limited by thesaid casing, the outer pump barrel and the said two pipes,'wherebvhydraulic power may be applied to either side of the piston member whichcooperates with the outer barrel.

3. In a well pump, a well tubing, an annular coupling connected to thetubing, a pumping string supported by the coupling, a ceny tral seat onthe coupling and around the central opening therein, and a verticalfluid conduit removably resting on said last seat, the said pumpingstring including hydraulicallyoperated means for forcing fiuid from thewell up through the coupling and the conduit, and also including meansfor keeping the operating fiuid from mixing with the fluid being forcedfrom the well.

4. In a well pump, a well tubing, and annular coupling connected to thetubing, a

pumpingstring supported by the coupling,

a central seat on the coupling and around the central opening therein,and a vertical Huid conduit removably resting on said last seat, thesaid pumping string including a pump plunger for forcing fluid from thewell up through the. coupling and conduit and also including hydraulicmeans for operating the plunger and further including means for keepingthe operating fiuid from mixing with the fluid being forced from thewell.

5. In a well pump, a plunger, a tube to contain a hydraulic column,the'said column operating againsta portion of the lower side of theplunger, a tube to contain a hydraulic column, the said column operatingagainst a portion of the upper side of the plunger, and a conduit .tocontain the column of fluid to be lifted by the plunger, the lattercolumn being sustained by the remainder of the upper surface of theplunger, the first portion having va larger area than the secondportion, the

area of the second portion being to the area of the first portion as thelatter area. is to the-l of fiuid to be lifted by the plunger, thelatter column being sustained by the remainder of the upper surface ofthe plunger, the first annulus having a larger area than the secondannu1us,'the area of the second annulus being to the area, of the irstannulus as the area of the irst annulus is to the area -of the secondannulus plus the cross-area of that portion of the plunger which liftsthe fluid being pumped, and the said plunger operating in one ofthetubes.

In testimony whereof, I hereunto afiix my signature.

' MERTON T. ARCHER.

